What it is
Bovine colostrum is the first milk produced by cows after calving, rich in immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA), growth factors (IGF-1, TGF-β), cytokines, and antimicrobial peptides. Standardised colostrum extracts (typically 15–30% IgG) have demonstrated immunomodulatory effects including suppression of IL-6, enhancement of IL-10, reduction of IgE and histamine in atopic models, and modulation of gut microbiota via the gut-skin axis.