What it is
Artemisia annua (sweet wormwood or qinghao) is an annual herb whose leaves contain artemisinin — a sesquiterpene lactone that is the basis of the world's most effective antimalarial drugs (artemisinin-based combination therapies, ACTs). Standardised extracts (typically 5% artemisinin) also demonstrate broad antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and parasites beyond malaria. The 2025 study showed that whole-plant extracts have 10× higher antimalarial efficacy than isolated artemisinin due to synergistic phytochemicals.