What it is
Elderberry (Sambucus nigra, European black elder) is a flowering plant whose berries and flowers have been used for centuries in European traditional medicine for colds, flu, and respiratory infections. The berries contain anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside), flavonoids (quercetin, rutin), and lectins. The standardized extract (Sambucol) is the most clinically studied form. **Critical safety note:** Raw elderberries, leaves, stems, and seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides (sambunigrin) and lectins that can cause nausea, vomiting, and severe GI distress. Only cooked or properly processed extracts are safe for consumption.